How would you describe human population growth in the next 5, 000 years represented in the graph? However, it was a more challenging for students to compare a point on a linear growth curve with a point on an exponential growth curve (PPTQ8, 73% correct). The amount of food is based on statistics of each region. In our introductory biology course students mentioned:temperature, salinity, human disturbance (crushing), competition, food availability, exposure to the air, wave action, predation, and disease as likely factors affecting barnacle population size. This work is supported by National Science Foundation grant 1322556 (DUE). As a population increases however, more and more organisms are reproducing and so the number of offspring produced begins to rise quickly, resulting in a steeply sloped upwards line on the population graph. The population has more than doubled over the past half-century, from around 3. Ask them to predict when a population will reach a given number in a certain sized environment. I describe the human population in the first 5, 000 years as slow changing, although the graph did show a change in population it was not a very drastic change.
Students also evaluate factors that could lead to observed changes in population growth and the assumptions made for predicting population variation. After small group discussion, the instructor emphasizes how the equation models what happens to the growth rate as the population approaches carrying capacity (the growth rate increases initially, is fastest at half the carrying capacity, and decreases as the population continues to approach carrying capacity). After small group discussion, the instructor solicits answers from the class to determine how they answered each of the questions, focusing on the problem-solving techniques used. Countries with rapid growth have a pyramidal shape in their age structure diagrams, showing a preponderance of younger individuals, many of whom are of reproductive age or will be soon (Figure 45. A great way to show how fast population increases is to demonstrate the concept via bacteria growth. What affects barnacle population size? 9 billion in the present day. The world's human population is growing at an exponential rate. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. In an unlimited environment when the population is low, exponential growth of a population occurs. When the per capita growth rate remains constant, the population can experience exponential growth followed by exponential decline. The graph will show an exponential growth curve which students analyze to determine how frequently the population doubles.
At both the introductory and advanced levels, students are asked to model population growth using graphs, measure population size, and estimate carrying capacity (9, 10). The lesson was taught in three sections of a large enrollment undergraduate class and assessed using a pre/post-test, in-class clicker-based questions, and multiple-choice exam questions. Cotgreave P, Forseth I. Within the last one thousand years the population of humanity has risen so drastically that it's kind of mind blowing to me. Use Your Skills: Once students seem to understand the basics of population growth, see if they can apply their new abilities to similar situations, such as the one described in the last question of the assignment. Vision and change in undergraduate biology education: a call to action. The instructor first introduces density and abundance, explaining that the choice of using density or abundance depends on the organism and study design (Supporting File S1: Lesson Presentation Slides with Instructor Notes, slide 6). None of the authors have a financial, personal, or professional conflict of interest related to this work. 1: Infer how human activities may impact the environment. This lesson is intended for undergraduate introductory biology courses. This is a stand-alone activity following a chapter on human population growth. The recommendations and suggestions of the University of Maine Biology and Ecology Department Teaching and Learning Journal Club, Maine Center for Research in STEM Education (RiSE Center), Smith lab, and the Ecology of Evolution and Everything Seminar (EES) were invaluable to the development of this lesson. Students make predictions, answer clicker questions, engage in peer discussion, participate in group problem-solving, answer questions in their own words on a worksheet, and respond to instructor questions.
More Curriculum Like This. Activate- a starter, an introduction, a stimulus. And 3) identify if the graph most closely resembles linear, exponential, logistic, or other growth. Age structure allows better prediction of population growth, plus the ability to associate this growth with the level of economic development in the region. Pre/post-test questions are included in Supporting File S4: Pre/Post-Test Questions and Student Responses. Describe what r, K, and N0 are in a population. Last modified: January 11, 2019. Can you think of a reason for either of these instances of population drop or leveling off?
Humans are unique in their ability to alter their environment with the conscious purpose of increasing carrying capacity. Efforts to control population growth led to the one-child policy in China, which is now being phased out. In this activity from, students learn about how populations can crash if they have surpassed carrying capacity. Experts would generally approach these questions using the slope of the line. Demographic data for US (Acrobat (PDF) 360kB May22 17). The particular example compares the United States to Uganda, but many similar comparisons can be made using available data for other countries. Before this lesson, students participated in a lecture with clicker questions that was focused on the following topics: abiotic and biotic factors responsible for determining population size, the definitions of carrying capacity and regulation, and different examples of populations that exhibit logistic and exponential growth. In our class, 70% of students answered correctly before peer discussion (answer C) and 93% were correct following peer discussion (Supporting File S3: Clicker Questions and Student Responses).
Students use data from Connell, 1961 (20) to plot barnacle population density over time on their worksheet (Supporting File S1: Lesson Presentation Slides with Instructor Notes, slide 14). How many humans is too many? Use the data provided to plot the barnacle population growth. Assessments were based on the completed activity sheet.
Finally, the unit explores population policies and migration 1. All of these methods have advantages and disadvantages, and a comparison of them makes a great classroom discussion. We used the EcoEvo-MAPs assessment tool (11) at the beginning of this course to identify some of the ecology and evolution concepts with which our students struggle. Apply mathematical routines to quantities that describe communities composed of populations of organisms that interact in complex ways. Population (in billions). It only takes a few minutes to set up and could be completed during a lesson which involved activity 1 or activity 3. The reasons for this massive increase in Africa are complex and numerous, including reduced infant mortality rates, increased birth rates, limited access to contraceptives, and younger age of motherhood. This activity uses demographic information from the United Nations publication "World Population Prospects" to explore the differences in population trends for the United States to Uganda including overall population growth, distribution of population versus age, life expectancy, and fertility rate. PREDICTING AND PLOTTING POPULATION GROWTH (~10 MINUTES). However, we frequently fail to acknowledge that humans (Homo sapiens) are also animals and are therefore subject to many of the same limiting factors as other animal species. After this activity, students should be able to: - Predict the effects of changing environmental factors on the patterns of population growth. Exploring the population dynamics of wintering bald eagles through long-term data. The instructor summarizes how the growth rate differs in linear, exponential, and logistic growth curves (Supporting File S1: Lesson Presentation Slides with Instructor Notes, slide 30).
Do we have an obligation to try and save endangered species? Part 1: Changing r. We will first focus on understanding r (the intrinsic growth rate of a population) and how it affects population dynamics (or the size of populations over time). Speth EB, Momsen JL, Moyerbrailean GA, Ebert-May D, Long TM, Wyse S, Linton D. 2010. 1% annually today, this growth remains unsustainable and, even if the current population size remained stable, the pressure on natural resources would be too great to persist indefinitely. The population of the United States is expected to increase by more than 100 million, adding significant strain to natural resources due to the disproportionate amount the U. S. population consumes. Educause quarterly 30: 71. NC Next Generation Science Standard HS-LS2-1: Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales. Others may run the program with the appropriate dish size and directly observe when it reaches the given population. We would like to acknowledge the participation and contribution of all of the students who actively engaged in this lesson and answered our pre/post questions. As you can see, in 2100 India will have significantly exceeded China to become the world's single largest population, while China is projected to actually decrease its population by nearly 400 million. YEAST POPULATION GROWTH LAB. A fun predator prey activity that focuses on removal of a limiting factor and how that affects the resilience of the prey population and its environment. REQUIRED LEARNING TIME.
The normalized change for the pre/post-test is =0. The activity is based on demographic data published by the United Nations that is updated every 2-3 years. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Author(s): Elizabeth Trenckmann1, Michelle Smith1, Karen Nicole Pelletreau1, Mindi M. Summers2. What made our population skyrocket 200 years ago?
Note any changes in scaling of the y axis. Explain what a population is in ecology. Description and Teaching Materials. For more advanced students, have them use, or derive themselves, the calculations (see Figure 3 or search the internet with keyword "logistic function") that govern population size at a given time, and then compare their calculated total with what Avida-ED shows as its result. As class begins, point out the question on the board and give students a minute or two to formulate their guesses. ) This lab has helped my students practice constructing the different types of graphs that are typically seen on the Earth Science Regents and Living Environment Regents. Answer: up to about 6 weeks); "Do barnacles reproduce sexually? " However, many simple models are not always realistic when observing natural populations.
Quantitative reasoning and literacy skills are essential for many careers, particularly those in biology, where individuals encounter a diversity of challenges that require application and integration of approaches (1, 2). Student responses are included in the lesson plan and in Supporting File 3: Clicker Questions and Student Responses. Then, the instructor provides a few examples of how the growth model can be applied, including economic, medical, and conservation predictions and decision-making (Supporting File S1: Lesson Presentation Slides with Instructor Notes, slide 31). Source: United Nations Population Division.
Trenckmann, E., Smith, M. K., Pelletreau, K. N., and Summers, M. M. 2017. In Avida-ED, the "dish size" is the absolute highest number of possible organisms and cannot be exceeded.
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