About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe living and moving cells under a microscope. Learning Objectives. Chapter 3 Study Guide.
There is a distinct synaptic cleft or intercellular space of approximately 20-40 nm. Epithelial Membranes. The reacting microglia have a swollen form with shortened processes and are difficult to discriminate from phagocytes from the periphery or migrating perivascular cells. Three serous membranes are found lining the thoracic cavity; two membranes that cover the lungs (pleura) and one membrane that covers the heart (pericardium). Aggregations of cells in the human body be classified into four types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Chapter 3 - The Cellular Level of Organization - Anatomy & Physiology OER - LibGuides at Georgia Highlands College. These slides contain tissue sections that are easily confused with each other. Nervous tissue allows the body to receive signals and transmit information as electric impulses from one region of the body to another.
What is the function of synovial membranes? A number of conventions have evolved to classify and name neurons. Without realizing their function or importance, Hook coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. This region is shown in Figure 8. Cells and tissues chapter 3 answer key. The dendritic processes and spines of neurons are essentially expansions of cytoplasm containing most of the organelles found in the cell body. Link to a video of a tour of a cell. A serous membrane lines the cavities of the body that do not open to the external environment. The processes of oligodendrocytes are fewer and more delicate than astrocytes, and the cell body shape is polygonal to spherical.
Some cells have a myelinated process that transmits signals toward the cell body. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Routinely the fiber or process, which contains the initial segment or trigger zone, is referred to as an axon. 9) or for the person who first described them (e. g., Purkinje cells shown in Figure 8. More recently, cells have been named for their function or the neurotransmitter they contain (e. g., CNS norepinephrine cell groups covered in Chapter 12). Chapter 19 - The Cardiovascular System: The Heart. Chapter 3 cells and tissues answer key figures. Also, every internode of a PNS axon represents a single Schwann cell. Because these cells start out developmentally as bipolar neurons and then become unipolar as they mature, they are called pseudo-unipolar cells. The primary tissue types work together to contribute to the overall health and maintenance of the human body. Nucleus of the neuron is large and round and is usually centrally located. Myelin is composed of concentric layers of membranes compacted against one another with an internal (i. e. against the nerve fiber) and an external collar of cytoplasm. The smooth ER is involved in Ca2+ buffering and in the biosynthesis and recycling of synaptic vesicles as will be discussed in Chapter 10.
They are the predominant cell type in white matter where they are often located as rows of cells between groups of neuronal processes. These membranes are found lining the external body surface (cutaneous membranes and mucous membranes) or lining the internal body cavities (serous membranes). Chapter 15 - The Autonomic Nervous System. Check Admissions Status. Chapter 3 cells and tissues answer key. The region of impulse initiation is more reliable guide to understanding the functional focal point of the cell. List the stages of the cell cycle in order, including the steps of cell division in somatic cells. Neurofilaments run in loose bundles around the cell nucleus and other organelles and funnel into the base of the axonal and dendritic processes where they form parallel arrays distributed longitudinally. Georgia Highlands College |. Chapter 6 - Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System.
Cell bodies of oligodendroglia are often located near capillaries, but they lack the definite perivascular end feet characteristic of astrocytes. After reviewing the Model Neuron above, learn more about the function of each structure by tapping from the list below. Nervous tissue is also excitable, allowing for the generation and propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body (Figure 4. In many cases, this region is the anatomical location for the initiation of the action potential. More recent evidence indicates that the astrocytes can dramatically change size as part of their physiological regulation of the neuronal environment. The shape and extent of the "dendritic tree" of an individual neuron is indicative of the quantity and variety of information received and processed by that neuron. The area under the axolemma in this region has material that stains darkly when viewed by EM. Mitochondria are often arranged longitudinally. Are less electrically excitable than neurons. Following damage to nervous tissue, microglia proliferate and migrate to the site of injury where they clear cellular debris by phagocytosis.
A presynaptic complement of membrane-bound synaptic vesicles exists. Upload your study docs or become a. As in other cells, the principal component of the nucleus is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the substance of the chromosomes and genes. GHC Notify/Campus Closings. Epithelial membranes are composed of both epithelial tissue and connective tissue.
2 shows the types of tissues and organs associated with each of the three germ layers. Graduation/Transcripts. Dendrites contain numerous orderly arrays of microtubules and fewer neurofilaments (see below). Which of the following is not an advantage of using bacteria for genetic studies. In addition, microtubules are not continuous, and each microtubule is composed of numerous 100 nm units. Identify the four types of tissue in the body, and describe the major functions of each tissue.
Previous: Next: Chapter 4 - The Tissue Level of Organization >>. They are present throughout the central nervous system, but tend to be inconspicuous in mature normal tissue and are difficult to identify with the light or electron microscope. Neurofilaments are more abundant than microtubules in axons, whereas microtubules are more abundant than neurofilaments in dendrites. They have a variety of membrane-bound shapes and sizes, ranging in size between 250 and 700 nm in diameter. These different types of synapse are designated by combining the name of the structure of the presynaptic element with that of the postsynaptic structure. Although neuronal neurofilaments are classified as intermediate filaments, their composition in neurons is different than that found in other cells. Chapter 27 - The Reproductive System.
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