Had affair with mother of Rome's most powerful woman 928LEO VIQuestionable conduct 929STEPHEN VIII Little known about him 931JOHN XI Possibly the illegitimate son of Sergius III. Spread Christianity to Sweden, Denmark, Norway 1458PIUS II Encouraged arts and literature 1464PAUL II Very unpopular. ANASTASIUS I Strict. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious video. Sold food for profit during famine 607BONIFACE IIIForbade all discussion of papal succession until three days after a pope's death 608ST.
He abdicated 1294BONIFACE VIII Celebrated the first Holy Year in 1300. Papal political power in steep decline 1740BENEDICT XIV Called "scholars' pope, " wrote first papal encyclical, on duties of bishops 1758CLEMENT XIII Pressured by Catholic countries (Portugal, Spain, France) to suppress Jesuits 1769CLEMENT XIV Crushed 23, 000-member Jesuit society, which decimated Catholic schools and missions 1775PIUS VIOpposed French Revolution, imprisoned by Napoleon, died in exile 1800PIUS VIICrowned and then excommunicated Napoleon. 1227GREGORY IXCanonized St. Francis. BONIFACE I Strong advocate of papal authority. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious. Most infamous pope in history. Jesuits founded 1550JULES III Catholics suspect Jews of aiding Protestants 1555MARCELLUS IIAmbitious reform program to fight nepotism and excess, but died of stroke after 21 days 1555PAUL IV Created Index of Forbidden Books, restricted Roman Jews to ghettos 1560PIUS IVReconvened Council of Trent to restore order and morality 1566ST PIUS V Enforced Council of Trent's decrees, excommunicated Elizabeth of England 1572GREGORY XIII Reformed calendar known now as the Gregorian. LEO I (THE GREAT)Watershed papacy. 32 ST. PETER Galilean.
Resisted new emperor in East 731ST. Plague and food shortages hinder Rome 1591INNOCENT IX Died after two months 1592CLEMENT VIII Increased severity of Inquisition. Barbarians stormed gates of Rome 275ST. Pushed reform and spiritual renewal of church 1130INNOCENT II An antipope drove him from Rome twice 1143CELESTINE II Tried to end war between England and Scotland 1144LUCIUS II Political strife in Rome. DIONYSIUS Began debate over divine and human nature of Christ in single person. SIRICIUS First to use term 'pope' from the Greek, for father. Created indulgences (purchasing of forgiveness of sin) 1352INNOCENT VI French. Pope between sixtus iii and hilarious 2. 963LEO VIII Elected after John XII was deposed. Killed by a poisoned fig 1305CLEMENT V French. Vatican Council II set church on new course, emphasizing dignity of all human beings 1963PAUL VICondemnation of birth control overshadowed reform-minded pontificate. Only Dutch pope; last non-Italian until John Paul II. First Polish Pope and first non-Italian in 455 years 2005BENEDICT XVI German. FELIX III Tried to depose patriarch of Constantinople 492ST. Declared every creature on Earth is subject to pope 1303BENEDICT XIScholarly but weak, controlled by French king.
Plotted to take Constantinople by force. Hungary Christianized (942) 942MARINUS II Allowed to do little 946AGAPITUS IIConverted Harold of Denmark 955JOHN XII Crowned Otto, restoring Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. Probably poisoned 913LANDO Man of good character. NICHOLAS I (THE GREAT) Took care of poor, protected the oppressed. PASCAL I Incited Christians of Palestine and Spain against the Arabs 824EUGENE IIFounded what became the Roman Curia, or "cabinet" of advisers 827VALENTINE Served only 40 days 827GREGORY IVOrganized army against Saracens in Africa 844SERGIUS II Arabs invade Rome, pillaging St. Peter's and St. Paul's 847ST. MARTIN I Last pope to be recognized as a martyr 654ST. Corruptly elected, killed rivals, coveted gold and women 1503PIUS III Died of gout after 17 days 1503JULIUS II Warrior pope, fought in full armor. AGATHORestored relations between Roman and Byzantine rulers 682ST. Pope recognized as head of world's bishops 535ST.
First great Crusade declared, to liberate Jerusalem from Muslims 1099PASCHAL IIImprisoned by Henry V, who wanted free elections of bishops. Cardinals, expecting payoffs, resisted reform 1523CLEMENT VII As Protestant Reformation spread, he refused to convene a council to confront crisis 1534PAUL IIIConvened Council of Trent, launching Counter-Reformation. Bribed to gain papacy 1032BENEDICT IX German. GREGORY VII Major turning point in papal centralization; claimed authority over whole church 1086VICTOR III Declared his election invalid but was elected a second time 1088URBAN II French. Aided monasteries 939STEPHEN IX May have conspired against Alberic. Probably poisoned 1047BENEDICT IX "Elected" for the third time, then forced out by emperor 1048DAMASUS IIBavaria.
Exiled 533JOHN II First to change pope name (from pagan Mercury). Constantinpole falls to Turks 1455CALIXTUS III Spaniard. 32-year pontificate 1878LEO XIII First pope to attempt to reconcile the church with the modern world 1903ST. Probably a refugee from Arab invasions in Middle East 686CONON Greek. First St. Peter's built 336ST. 1003JOHN XVII Probably a relative of Rome's dominant family 1004JOHN XVIII Briefly restored union between Greek and Latin churches 1009SERGIUS IV One of two popes to change name because birth name was Peter. Imperial persecutions led to mass exodus from Rome 251ST.
Championed tolerance 1958JOHN XXIII Universally beloved at the time of his death. DEUSDEDIT IAttended to lepers and plague sufferers 619BONIFACE VEstablished principle of Church 'sanctuary' for those seeking refuge from persecution 625HONORIUS I Sent missionaries all over the world. Fought against immorality throughout the Christian world 983JOHN XIV Fourth pope to change name, first to do so because his name was Peter. SIXTUS I Little is known about him 125ST. Now popes validate the emperors 817ST. Reformer 1059NICHOLAS II French. Imprisoned by King Theodoric, Goth ruler of Italy, died in Ravenna 526ST. Theologically, Saint Peter, whom Christ had made the principal apostle, had gone to Rome. LEO IIICrowned Charlemagne emperor, creating the Holy Roman Empire 816 STEPHEN V Annointed new emperor, reversing policy of imperial validation of popes. Introduced the Hebrew word 'alleluja' 384ST. Last pope to seek imperial approval for his pontificate 741ST. Died of heart attack after 33 days 1978JOHN PAUL II Polish. Emperor Henry III, on his deathbed, entrusted him with the empire 1057STEPHEN IX Lorrainer. EUGENE I Elected while Martin was still alive.
BONIFACE II First pope of Germanic descent, practiced great charity in Rome during famine. May have been poisoned 687ST. Two factors combined to cause the Bishop of Rome's position to be unique in the Catholic Church: Politically, the Bishop of Rome was chief pastor of the capital of the ancient world. Added sprinkling of holy water to Mass 855BENEDICT III Legend says Leo IV succeeded by 'Pope Joan, ' who reigned two years before she was revealed 858ST. VICTOR I First African pope. Politically and militarily powerful 1024JOHN XIX First and only pope to succeed his brother. Corrupt and immoral. Anarchy in Rome 1406GREGORY XII Last pope to abdicate 1417MARTIN VElection ended Western schism. Instigated another Crusade 1265CLEMENT IV French.
MARCELLINUS Martyr 308ST.
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