Michelle Alexander is the author of the bestseller The New Jim Crow, and a civil-rights advocate, lawyer, legal scholar and professor. — Publishers Weekly. This may sound like an overstatement, but upon examination it proves accurate. Often the racial biases in these decisions are less the work of outright bigotry than unconscious racial stereotypes, which, as noted, have been widely promoted by politicians and the media. Once you're labeled a felon, the old forms of discrimination - employment discrimination, housing discrimination, denial of the right to vote, denial of educational opportunity, denial of food stamps and other public benefits, and exclusion from jury service - are suddenly legal. You're not a citizen.
She is also the author of The New Jim Crow. There are millions of African-Americans now cycling in and out of prisons and jails or under correctional control. Ten years ago, Michelle Alexander, a lawyer and civil-rights advocate, published "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. " It was overwhelming. Drug sentence laws and re-entry laws stripping away civil rights must be rescinded or dampened. Meanwhile, tougher sentencing laws have dramatically increased the amount of time served for drug offenses. State and local law enforcement agencies have been rewarded in cash for the sheer numbers of people swept into the system for drug offenses, thus giving law enforcement agencies an incentive to go out and look for the so-called 'low-hanging fruit': stopping, frisking, searching as many people as possible, pulling over as many cars as possible, in order to boost their numbers up and ensure the funding stream will continue or increase. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Few legal rules meaningfully constrain the police in the War on Drugs. Police supervision, monitoring, and harassment are facts of life not only for all those labeled criminals, but for all those who "look like" criminals. But herein lies the trap.
It affects people emotionally. It's not crime that makes us more punitive in the United States. Inevitably a new system of racialized social control will emerge—one that we cannot foresee just as the current system of mass incarceration was not predicted by anyone thirty years ago. The consolidation of the criminal justice system as a new vehicle for racial control came under Ronald Reagan, who declared the "war on drugs" at a time when drug use was actually on the decline. They are told to wait and wait for Mr. You have to work hard to get your life back on track, get it together.
No caste system in the United States has ever governed all black people; there have always been "free blacks" and black success stories, even during slavery and Jim Crow. Well, first, I think, we've got to be willing to tell the truth. Hundreds of thousands of black people, especially black men, suddenly found themselves jobless. "He declared the drug war primarily for reasons of politics — racial politics. A seismic culture shift must happen in law enforcement – black people must no longer be viewed as the enemy. Private prisons (which account for 8% of inmates). You said it started with Nixon. The absence of significant constraints on the exercise of police discretion is a key feature of the drug war's design.
Like many civil rights lawyers, I was inspired to attend law school by the civil rights victories of the 1950s and 1960s. Today, Cotton cannot vote because he, like many black men in the United States, has been labeled a felon and is currently on parole. Some of the statistics and anecdotes Alexander presents are utterly astonishing. And one of the questions was: Have you ever been convicted of a felony? I think we ought to spend a lot more time thinking about how young people are criminalized at early ages rather than just imagining that a life of crime is somehow freely chosen. Nearly every job application requires one to "check the box" if he or she has been convicted, and in some cases merely arrested, for a crime. However, liberal politicians have been guilty of the same rhetoric and concomitant political measures. She holds a joint appointment at the Moritz College of Law and the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity in Columbus, Ohio, where she lives. More than 2 million people found themselves behind bars at the turn of the twenty-first century, and millions more were relegated to the margins of mainstream society, banished to a political and social space not unlike Jim Crow, where discrimination in employment, housing, and access to education was perfectly legal, and where they could be denied the right to vote. Well, there were a number of incidents. Throughout the book, Alexander observes that the financial stake that many have in the mass incarceration system make it very difficult for them to divest. Not just opening our institutions, but opening our hearts, and opening our mind. For more than a decade – from the mid 1950s until the late 1960s – conservatives systematically and strategically linked opposition to civil rights legislation to calls for law and order, arguing that Martin Luther King Jr. 's philosophy of civil disobedience was a leading cause of crime. The rhetoric of "law and order, " first used by Southern segregationists, became more attractive as Americans increasingly came to reject outright racial discrimination.
I'd start getting letters in the mail from prisoners.
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